社会主义下人的灵魂（八）

Yes; there are suggestive things in Individualism. Socialism annihilates family life, for instance. With the abolition of private property, marriage in its present form must disappear. This is part of the programme. Individualism accepts this and makes it fine. It converts the abolition of legal restraint into a form of freedom that will help the full development of personality, and make the love of man and woman more wonderful, more beautiful, and more ennobling. Jesus knew this. He rejected the claims of family life, although they existed in his day and community in a very marked form. ‘Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?’ he said, when he was told that they wished to speak to him. When one of his followers asked leave to go and bury his father, ‘Let the dead bury the dead,’ was his terrible answer. He would allow no claim whatsoever to be made on personality.

当然，个人主义也在暗示一些东西，比如社会主义会摧毁家庭生活。随着个人财产制度的废除，婚姻也将不复存在。而这只是整个进程中的一部分。个人主义认可这种情况，并把它实现。它将法律限制的废除转变成了自由的形式，而那有助于人性的发展，它使得男人和女人之间的爱变得更美丽，更高贵。耶稣也知道这一点。他反对家庭生活的需求，尽管其一直存在于社会中，而且是以一种显著的方式存在着。“谁是我的母亲，谁又是我的兄弟“，当耶稣被告知他们想要和他对话时，他这样问道。而当一个他的追随者请求埋葬他的父亲时，”让死亡埋葬死亡“则是他的回答。他不会容忍任何建立在人性之上的宣告。

And so he who would lead a Christlike life is he who is perfectly and absolutely himself. He may be a great poet, or a great man of science; or a young student at a University, or one who watches sheep upon a moor; or a maker of dramas, like Shakespeare, or a thinker about God, like Spinoza; or a child who plays in a garden, or a fisherman who throws his net into the sea. It does not matter what he is, as long as he realises the perfection of the soul that is within him. All imitation in morals and in life is wrong. Through the streets of Jerusalem at the present day crawls one who is mad and carries a wooden cross on his shoulders. He is a symbol of the lives that are marred by imitation. Father Damien was Christlike when he went out to live with the lepers, because in such service he realised fully what was best in him. But he was not more Christlike than Wagner when he realised his soul in music; or than Shelley, when he realised his soul in song. There is no one type for man. There are as many perfections as there are imperfect men. And while to the claims of charity a man may yield and yet be free, to the claims of conformity no man may yield and remain free at all.

因此，能够过着像耶稣生活一样的人，必定是个完美的，绝对自由的人。他也许是伟大的诗人，也许是伟大的科学家，也许是大学里的年轻学生，也许是荒野中的牧羊人，也许是莎士比亚那样的戏作家，也许是斯宾诺莎那样的思考者，也许是花园里嬉戏的孩童，又也许是把网撒到海里的渔夫。不管他是谁，这并不重要，只要他意识到了他体内灵魂的完美。在道德和生活中，一切的模仿都是虚假的。如今，经由耶路撒冷的街道上，虔诚的，扛着木头的信徒在缓缓前进着，而这些信徒就是被模仿腐蚀了的象征。戴梅恩神父就很像耶稣，他走出教堂，和麻风病人同住，他意识到了内在的美。但是他却不如瓦格拉，因为瓦格拉知道他的灵魂就在音乐中，他也不如雪莱，因为雪莱知道他的灵魂寄宿于诗歌里。人类不分种类，世间既然会有完美的人，自然也会有不完美的人。也许会有屈服于施舍而获得自由的人，但从没有过做和别人一致的事而获得自由的人。

Individualism, then, is what through Socialism we are to attain to. As a natural result the State must give up all idea of government. It must give it up because, as a wise man once said many centuries before Christ, there is such a thing as leaving mankind alone; there is no such thing as governing mankind. All modes of government are failures. Despotism is unjust to everybody, including the despot, who was probably made for better things. Oligarchies are unjust to the many, and ochlocracies are unjust to the few. High hopes were once formed of democracy; but democracy means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the people. It has been found out. I must say that it was high time, for all authority is quite degrading. It degrades those who exercise it, and degrades those over whom it is exercised. When it is violently, grossly, and cruelly used, it produces a good effect, by creating, or at any rate bringing out, the spirit of revolt and Individualism that is to kill it. When it is used with a certain amount of kindness, and accompanied by prizes and rewards, it is dreadfully demoralising. People, in that case, are less conscious of the horrible pressure that is being put on them, and so go through their lives in a sort of coarse comfort, like petted animals, without ever realising that they are probably thinking other people’s thoughts, living by other people’s standards, wearing practically what one may call other people’s second-hand clothes, and never being themselves for a single moment. ‘He who would be free,’ says a fine thinker, ‘must not conform.’ And authority, by bribing people to conform, produces a very gross kind of over-fed barbarism amongst us.

而个人主义，将由我们通过社会主义的方式实现。自然而然的，一个国家将没有政府，也必然没有政府。正如在耶稣诞生前的几个世纪，一位智者曾经说过，你可以不管人类，但是你不能统治人类。所有的政府，不管是什么形式，都是失败的。对每一个人来说，专制主义都不能做到公正，包括独裁者自身，哪怕他是为了做好事。不管是对多数人还是少数人来说，寡头政府都是不公允的。在过去，独裁统治被寄予了很高的期望，但那仅仅是一群人棒打另一群人的结果，所以它被废止了。我必须强调的是，其实那早该被废除了。对所有的掌权者来说，这都是足够丢脸的事，但是它更加丢那些曾经支持他，拥戴他的人的脸。当权力被暴力，粗俗，残忍的使用，它就会造成巨大的后果。反叛的精神将得以萌芽，并茁壮生长，而在最终，个人主义将取代权威。即使掌权者带着一定程度的善意，并且用奖赏的方式将其实施，结果也相当令人沮丧。因为那样的话，人们就意识不到压在他们身上的重担，他们就会去追求一些粗鄙的快乐，像是被喂养的宠物那样，他们不会意识到，他们在按别人的思想，别人的标准过活。他们将穿着被别人用过的衣裳，却永远成为不了自己。一位伟大的思想家曾经说到，人如果想要自由，就不能追求舒适。而掌权者，用一定程度的舒适来诱惑，贿赂人们，结果导致人们中，充斥着大量的粗鄙和野蛮。